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Chicago Style: Bibliography/References

his guide provides information on how to cite using the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition.

Bibliography/References Basics

  • Label your list of sources, “Bibliography” (for Notes and Bibliography style) or “References” (for Author-Date style).
  • Leave two blank lines between “Bibliography” or “References” and your first entry.
  • Leave one blank line between remaining entries.
  • List entries in alphabetical order according to the first word in each entry, whether that be the author's name or the title of the work.
  • Use “and,” not “&,” for multi-author entries.
  • If you cannot locate the publication date of a printed work, use the abbreviation “n.d.”
  • Provide DOIs instead of URLs whenever possible.
  • If no DOI is available, provide a URL.
  • If you cannot name a specific page number when called for, you have other options: section (sec.), volume (vol.), or note (n.).

Example